Seeding Change: Afghanistan Re-Greening Project

“As a woman I have no country;
As a woman my country is the whole world”
-- Virginia Woolf

 

Establishing Food Gardens for Afghan Families One Family at a Time

Introduction
The people and the land of Afghanistan have been faced with tremendous challenges and pressures over the past three decades, creating a continuous state of crisis. The unprecedented devastation of the people and cultures and the destruction of even the most basic infrastructure, coupled with environmental degradation, have led to a complex and volatile situation. At the end of 2001, Oxfam declared Afghanistan “the poorest country in Asia,” estimating that three-fourths of the Afghan population lacked safe water and the most basic health care, 90% did not have adequate sanitation, as many as eight million were in need of food aid, and that over 210,000 people had been injured by the seven to ten million land mines placed in the most populated areas of the country.

Now, thanks to the recently improved political situation, it is possible to envision and implement reconstructive efforts towards rebuilding Afghanistan after decades of occupation, civil conflict, and natural disasters such as the recent drought. These efforts must be addressed to many areas of life and many levels of society in a coordinated, integrated, and comprehensive effort in order to be effective. Examples of such initiatives include the recent partnership between UNESCO and the Afghan government to address literacy issues among both boy and girl students in the country, as well as the high numbers of men and women who are unable to read or write in their own language, which they estimate to be 49% of male and 78% of female adult Afghans.

Project Context
There are many worthwhile humanitarian and human rights efforts currently underway in Afghanistan, including those spearheaded by Oxfam and UNESCO and their collaborative partners. These large-scale efforts to either meet short-term needs or support and/or change social and governmental systems in Afghanistan are important components to lasting recovery.

However, the ReGreening Afghanistan Project assumes an “ecological model” of human interaction, where individual, family, and community as well as the environment ‘s wellbeing are the foundations of a healthy society, as illustrated in the attached flow chart, The Personal and Social Effects of the ReGreening Afghanistan Project. This diagram graphically depicts how this project will impact all areas of personal and social life, in a synergistic and mutually supportive way.

A primary emphasis and goal of the project will be to increase reading and writing Literacy of participants in their first language, identified as an urgent need by Unesco, as indicated above. Methods of information and skill dissemination for developing these home gardens will be based on the work of Paulo Freire, the Brazilian educator. Freire’s successful strategy is to use the everyday words of students in a process that helps them learn to read and write in a way that helps them to view themselves as capable of asserting control over their own lives for the wellbeing of their families, communities and environment.

The content for the literacy work will be based on discussions of other aspects of personal development (indicated by blue circles) that will be important background and motivation for the gardening work. These include how the garden can support the family in its efforts to attain Nutrition and Wellness, as well as Vocational Training and Employment -- how the garden and what they learn through its establishment can be the basis for generating income through sales of food products, seeds, value-added products, etc. As discovered and shared by pioneer psychologist Abraham Maslow in his famous “hierarchy of needs,” physical health and meaningful work are the two key components of Mental Health and Self-Efficacy, all of which contribute to the development of an increased sense of Cultural Affirmation and Empowerment. The connection between a personal sense of empowerment and mental wellbeing and their positive impact on community health and development has also been demonstrated powerfully in the work of Roger Mills and Elsie Spittle of the Health Realization Institute. This work will also be applied in the development of materials and curricula for this project.

As argued in the work of Amartya Sen (in his book Development As Freedom) and other leading economists, individual freedom and development are primary factors in achieving social, political and economic development at community, regional, and national levels. A primary basis of the ReGreening Afghanistan Project is that the economic and cultural outcomes it achieves at the personal and family levels in turn make community-level progress possible, specifically the accomplishment of Environmental Education and the Rebuilding of the Local Infrastructure. As confidence, knowledge, skills, and a sense of hope develop, personal and social accomplishments come together (as indicated on the bottom of the graph), they contribute to Cooperative and Supportive Social Relationships and Community Economic Development -- business partnerships and collaboration, education and training, consumer empowerment -- the re-establishment, growth, and health of the local economic sector.

In addition to her lifelong commitment the people of her country, Dr. Parvanta brings a deep grounding in the theory and practice integral to this project, and a wealth of experience to its leadership (see attached resume). She has worked for decades on behalf of the underserved all over the world, in the fields of education, health, personal and community empowerment, and organizational development. She is supported by her community, and is equipped to bring this vision to reality.

  • Project Design
    Though at the theoretical level the ReGreening Afghanistan Project is quite complex and multi-faceted, the practical goal is simple -- to support the efforts of Afghan families and individuals with a minimum of bureaucratic process and administrative costs, and with relative freedom from institutional conditions and requirements. This project will deliver its services and supplies free of charge directly to families, including:

    Helping to establish small family subsistence gardens using Permaculture (a method of integrated and ecologically sound agriculture) planning and training as well as Biointensive methods;
  •  Increase reading and writing literacy, using strategies developed by Brazilian educator: Paulo Freire;
  • Distributing plant seeds and fruit trees - using ecological principles of food production and training in their use;
  • Contributing to cooperative and supportive social relations and community economic development;
  • Building and installing solar-powered water pumps;
  • Developing small buildings and shelters (earth homes/ structures) for local project use, and as training projects for participants;
  • Providing gardening tools, supplies, equipment, etc.; and
  • Establishing income-generating projects related to subsistence food generation and value-added production, with an emphasis on supporting women’s education and training in culturally appropriate ways.

This project complements other humanitarian efforts by contributing to regeneration and healing in a modest personal manner – one family at a time.

The ReGreening Afghanistan Project will be implemented in three stages. The first stage will include a preparatory trip to Kabul by Dr. Parvanta and a small team of consultants, where an initial on-site feasibility study will be conducted during which project volunteers and consultants will work with interested families (some of whom have already been identified) to determine local project sites for classes, building projects, and growing areas. This phase will focus on planning the project’s initial scope of operation and the logistical details of its implementation process.

Preliminary information gathered on-site will be used to design subsequent stages of the project. Once this initial visit and resulting project plan is in place, a second phase will be to invite other NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) such as PARSA (Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Support for Afghanistan) to collaborate with the ReGreening Afghanistan Project in working with participating families on the goals they have set. Other partners include Permaculture and other agricultural experts and trainers, Ecology Action, Cal-Earth Institute [builds lovely earth homes quickly and inexpensively], Solar Living Institute, Builders Without Borders, the Commonwealth International Institute, the Health Realization Institute, and others who can complement and enhance the skills and offerings of project volunteers and consultants. PARSA, for instance, has already been working successfully in Kabul for the past two decades to provide artificial limbs, training, and economic development support for victims of land mines. Tapping their expertise for families involved in ReGreening Afghanistan could provide a valuable complement to the agricultural production and infrastructure support that are the heart of the project. Another important partner is the CommonWell Institute International, a non profit organization “dedicated to inspiring sustainable leadership for the new century that promotes peace, and that is dedicated in spirit and action to the wellbeing of all citizens of the global village, including women and children.”

The third phase of the project’s initial efforts will be the natural replication of its work in other areas of Kabul and other communities, as the positive outcomes of the project are known and requests are received from a second cohort of participant families for assistance and support.

Evaluation of the Project
Project baseline data will be collected during the initial trip regarding participant demographics, needs, and goals, and assessment tools and evaluation processes for the project will be determined based on the findings. A mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods will be used in the assessment and measurement of project outcomes, which will be presented in regular reports to project supporters.

The initial outcomes and short-term success of this project will be based on the elements presented at the top of the diagram – Literacy, Nutrition, and Wellness, and Vocational Training and Employment. Therefore, some of the factors that will be measured, include:

1) What participants learn and apply regarding sustainable agriculture and nutrition;
2) How well participants are able to read and write, and how many go on to teach their neighbors using the methods they learned;
3) How others in the community become interested in creating their own gardens;
4) The number and size of gardens established;
5) What is grown successfully, as well as what did not grow well, and why;
6) The number and type of classes each participant attended;
7) The number and types of seed packets and fruit trees (labeled in Dari/ Farsi) distributed;
8) The number of wells dug and other water delivery projects built;
9) What kinds of tools were distributed and found to be most useful; and
10) What challenges were encountered in project implementation?

Next Steps
-Meet and plan with all who are interested in various phases of this project
-Establishing Contacts – prior to arrival
-Establishing contacts and discussing/planning collaboration with agencies -such as Cal Earth Institute, Ecology Action, Permaculture and other ecologically-oriented agricultural organizations, and NGOs operating in Afghanistan
-Determine the preliminary costs
-Plan daily operations
-Continue fundraising and related activities
-Collect seeds, and other items
-Design and refine strategy for implementation
-Enlist partnership and collaborative support
-Design monitoring criteria
-Dr. Parvanta and two consultants (to be named) plan to arrive in Afghanistan in early fall, and to spend approximately 6-8 weeks in Kabul, to initiate the first phase of the project

Resource Development and Sustainability
Fundraising is in progress through personal contacts and requests to organizations.

A seed-drive campaign is collecting seeds and grains (flowers and decorative seeds are also accepted) for this project. Interested individuals, businesses, and local farmers are being contacted. Seeds companies are being approached for donations of untreated bulk seeds.

A resource development plan is in the process of being developed, to ensure sustainability of the project after the completion of its initial phase.

Tax-deductible contributions for this project may be sent to:
Dr. Elise Collins-Shields
CommonWell Institute International, Inc.
4228 N. Placita De Sandra
Tucson, Arizona, 85718

Please make checks payable to CommonWell Institute International and Note “Afghan Project”
www.CommonWell Institute International.org

For more information, please contact:
Sultana Parvanta, Ph.D.
239 El Conejo Dr.
Ojai, CA 93023
805-646-6349
sultanap@sisna.com

The ReGreening Afghanistan Project

List of Needed Supplies and Tools:

-Seeds (see attached list)
-Fruit tree saplings
-Solar-powered water pumps and related equipment
-Seed storage bags
-Plastic zip-lock bags
-Waterproof markers
-Educational charts
-Hand gardening tools
-Water pumps (solar if possible) and related supplies, research
-Drilling equipment
-Hand seeding dispensers
-Sprinklers
-Hoses
-Small containers for seedlings
-Gloves
-Garden markers
-Waterproof markers
-Hats
-Media equipment
-Office supplies, etc.


A Brief List of Commonly Consumed Grains/ Vegetables in Afghanistan:

Vegetable Seeds:
Arugulla
Beans (all varieties)
Beets
Bell Peppers
Cabbage
Carrots
Cauliflower
Cilantro/ Coriander
Cucumber (all varieties)
Eggplant
Garlic
Green Beans
Hot Peppers
Lettuce
Melons
Mushrooms
Onions
Parsley
Parsnip
Peas
Potatoes
Pumpkins/ Gourds
Radishes
Rhubarb
Sorrel
Spinach
Tomatoes
Watermelons
Zucchinis

Herbs seeds
Legumes

Grains
Barley
Corn
Wheat